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Referencing and RefWorks

Vancouver Reference List and Bibliography

This page contains a sample Reference List and Bibliography in the Vancouver referencing style

Sample Assignment

Here's an extract from an assignment, with correct in-text citations. A reference list and bilbliography are also included. Please note you do not have to bold the citations in your assignments. The bold text is added here to make it easier to see them in the example

In-text Citations

General Practitioner (GP) surgeries play a crucial role in the UK's healthcare system, acting as the first point of contact for patients and managing a wide range of health issues. However, the increasing demand for emergency care has highlighed the need for effective collaboration between GP surgeries and emergency departments (1). A program was run with some GP services colocated in emergency departments to assess whether this could alleviate pressure on emergency services, "but their impact on reduing attendances and waiting times has been mixed" (2, p. 291).
Findings showed that whilst these colocated services can potentially streamline patient care, they often draw patients from other community services or created additional demand rather than significantly reducing the burden on emergency departments (1). It was noted that a significant proportion of patients deemed as 'GP' patients in emergency departments considered their conditions urgent, indicating a need for better triage and patient education (3).

Reference List

The reference list should include any items that were directly cited, quoted, paraphrased or used in any other way within an assignment. They are numbered according to where they first appear within the assignment. If an item is used more than once then it has the same number in the citation every time. In the sample assignment above we can see that item (1) was used twice. We do not need to write two separate references even though we have used it twice. We include just the one reference against number 1. in our reference list. Every time your lecturer sees the citation (1) in your assignment, it leads them to the same item.

Reference List


1. University of Liverpool. Placing GPs in emergency departments benefits patients and reduces healthcare costs [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/researcher/news/articles/placing-gps-in-emergency-departments-benefits-patients-and-reduces-healthcare-costs


2. Mfon S, Cook DL, Rowland AG, Butler J. Exploring perceptions of parents on the use of emergency department on-site primary care services for the treatment of children with non-urgent conditions. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing [Internet]. 2021Dec [cited 2024 Aug 16]; 44(4): 285-302. Available from: https://www-doi-org.ezproxy.rgu.ac.uk/10.1080/24694193.2020.182011


3. Cooper A, Edwards M, Davies F, Price D, Dale J, Donaldson L et al. Programme theories to describe how different general practitioner service models work in different contexts or alongside emergency departments (GP-ED): realist evaluation. Emergency Medicine Journal [Internet]. 2024 Apr [cited 2024 Jul 18]; 41(5). Available from:10.1136/emermed-2023-213721


Bibliography

The Bibliography contains any items that youhave read for background information or to inform your thinking, but did not directly use withn your assignment. The references are written in exactly the same way as for the Reference List but are arranged alphabetically by author. They do not have a citation number within your assignment so cannot be listed numerically.

Bibliography


British Medical Association. Guidance for GPs working in urgent and emergency care [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.bma.org.uk/advice-and-support/gp-practices/employment-advice/gps-outside-of-traditional-practice/guidance-for-gps-working-in-urgent-and-emergency-care



Dolton P, Pathania V. Can increased primary care access reduce demand for emergency care? Evidence from England’s 7-day GP opening. J Health Econ [Internet]. 2016 Sep [cited 2024 Aug 16]; 49: 193-208. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.05.002


Hull S, Homer K, Boomla K, Robson J, Ashworth M. Population and patient factors affecting emergency department attendance in London: retrospective cohort analysis of linked primary and secondary care records. Br J Gen Pract [Internet]. 2018 Mar [cited 2024 Jul 18]; 68(668): e157-e167. Available from: https://www-doi-org.ezproxy.rgu.ac.uk/10.3399/bjgp18X694397


Further support for Vancouver referencing

If you need further support with Vancouver referencing please visit our Workshops and Appointments page where you will find information on how to book 1-1 or small group support appointments with one of our team. We also hold regular drop-in sessions in the Library where you can simply turn up and ask your question. Details of our drop-in sessions are on the workshops calendar.If you need further support with

How we can help

If you're not sure which template is right for your source, or if you're struggling to identify the information you need, then you can email the team for support. We can also take a look at a selection of a reference list and provide some guidance but please only use this service if you are struggling with referencing. This is a very high demand service and we can't provide a general overview of your lists prior to assigment submission.

To submit a list, email it to us at least one week prior to your submission date but please ensure you've helped yourself as much as possible prior to sending us your list.

This includes looking at the templates and ensuring that you have adhered to these as much as possible. We don't offer a proof-reading or correction service. As referencing is a marked part of most assignments, your lecturers are expecting to see your own work. We may be able to highlight areas that you need to look at and point you in the direction of the correct templates to use. Please only use this service if you are struggling with an aspect of referencing.

Appointments, workshops and email support are available during the Academic Support Team working hours of Monday-Friday 9am-5pm.

Appointment and email response times will depend on team availability and demands on the service. These are very high demand services so please ensure you contact us well ahead of any deadlines.

We can support your academic skills development in a variety of areas, including literature searching, databases, search techniques, referencing and more. We will:

  • Scan a selection from your reference list, provide useful comments where we notice issues, and point out areas requiring improvement. However, we don't carry out a full proofreading or correction service and we can't write references for you.
  • Advise on your search strategy, providing guidance to help you search more effectively and offer suggestions on where to search, but we don't carry out searches on your behalf.