Vancouver Templates

Authored Books

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By Number of Authors

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Template

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Author surname Initial(s). Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Example

Citation

Each item is assigned a number according to its first location within the assignment. The same number should be used again if referring to the same source later within the assignment.

Paraphrasing/Summarising

According to Cottrell (1)...

Quoting

The page number where the direct quote was taken from should be provided after the citation number.

According to Cotrrell "..." (1, p. 25)

Reference List (arranged numercially by the citation order in the text)

1. Cottrell S. Critical thinking skills. 4th ed. London: Bloomsbury; 2023.

Notes

Bibliography

If you have used an item for information but not directly referred to it in your assignment then it should be included in a separate Bibliography after the Reference List. The format of the Bibliography entry is exactly the same as the Reference List with the omission of the citation number. The Bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author surname.

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Template

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First author surname Initial(s), Second author surname Initial(s), Third author surname Inital(s), Fourth author surname Initial(s), Fifth author surname Initial(s), Sixth author surname Initial(s). Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Example

Citation

Each item is assigned a number according to its first location within the assignment. The same number should be used again if referring to the same source later within the assignment.

Paraphrasing/Summarising

According to Neumann, Kumar and Imani (2)...

Quoting

The page number where the direct quote was taken from should be provided after the citation number.

Neumann, Kumar and Imani state that "..." (2, p. 83)

Reference List (arranged numercially by the citation order in the text)

2. Neumann K, Kumar A, Imani J. Plant cell and tissue culture: a tool in biotechnology. 2nd ed. Cham (Switzerland): Springer; 2020.

Notes

Number of authors

The example we have given shows a book with 3 authors. If the book has up to 6 authors then all should be listed in the same format. Place a comma between each separate author and a full stop after the last one. If the book has more than 6 authors then please see the appropriate template.

Bibliography

If you have used an item for information but not directly referred to it in your assignment then it should be included in a separate Bibliography after the Reference List. The format of the Bibliography entry is exactly the same as the Reference List with the omission of the citation number. The Bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author surname.

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Template

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First author surname Initial(s), Second author surname Initial(s), Third author surname Inital(s), Fourth author surname Initial(s), Fifth author surname Initial(s), Sixth author surname Initial(s) et al. Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Example

Citation

Each item is assigned a number according to its first location within the assignment. The same number should be used again if referring to the same source later within the assignment.

Paraphrasing/Summarising

A study conducted in 2021 (3) found that...

Quoting

The page number where the direct quote was taken from should be provided after the citation number.

The authors of the study state that "..." (3, p. 251)

Reference List (arranged numercially by the citation order in the text)

3. Golightly LK, Tietelbaum I, Simendinger BA, Kiser TH, Barber GR, Stolpman NM et al. Renal pharmacotherapy: dosage adjustment of medications eliminated by the kidneys. 2nd ed. Cham (Switzerland): Springer; 2021.

Notes

Author details and use of et al.

Vancouver rules stipulate that where an item has more than 6 authors then we use the 'et al.' format. The first 6 author names should be given follwed by et al. to denote that there are further authors of the work. It is not necessary to write down all author names where there are more than 6.

Bibliography

If you have used an item for information but not directly referred to it in your assignment then it should be included in a separate Bibliography after the Reference List. The format of the Bibliography entry is exactly the same as the Reference List with the omission of the citation number. The Bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author surname.

By Type of Author

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Template

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NAME OF DEPARTMENT, Publication year. Book title. Place of publication: Department.

Example

Citation

(Department of Health and Social Care 2021)

Reference List

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE, 2021. Transforming the public health system. London: Department of Health and Social Care.

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Template

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Organisation name. Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Example

Citation

Each item is assigned a number according to its first location within the assignment. The same number should be used again if referring to the same source later within the assignment.

Paraphrasing/Summarising

The Department of Health and Social Care (4) found that...

Quoting

The page number where the direct quote was taken from should be provided after the citation number.

According to the Department of Health and Social Care "..." (4, p. 118)

Reference List (arranged numercially by the citation order in the text)

4. Department of Health and Social Care. Transforming the public health system. London: Department of Health and Social care; 2021.

Notes

Organisation names

Organisation names should normally be written out in full unless very well known. Acronyms can be used in the case of organisations such as the BBC or NHS for example.

Bibliography

If you have used an item for information but not directly referred to it in your assignment then it should be included in a separate Bibliography after the Reference List. The format of the Bibliography entry is exactly the same as the Reference List with the omission of the citation number. The Bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author surname.

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Template

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ANON., Publication year. Book title. Edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Anon. 1905)

Anon. (1905) suggests that...

Quoting

"..." (Anon 1905 p. 65)

According to the Anon. (1905 p. 65), "..."

Reference List

ANON., 1905. XX century alchemy: or the art of transmuting clay into gold. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.

By Language

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Template

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AUTHOR'S SURNAME, First Initial(s)., Publication year. Title (in original language). Place of publication: Publisher.

Example

Citation

(Remarque 1974)

Reference List

REMARQUE, E.M., 1974. Im westen Nichts neues. Berlin, Germany: Ullstein.

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Template

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AUTHOR'S SURNAME, First Initial(s)., Publication year. Title. Translated from language by translator name. Place of publication: Publisher.

Example

Citation

(Benjamin 1999)

Reference List

BENJAMIN, W., 1999. Illuminations. Translated from German by H. Zorn. London: Pimlico.

Sacred Texts

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Template

Reference list entry not required, only citation.

Example

Citation

The Bible includes the statement "remain in me, and I will remain in you" (John 15:4, New International Version).

Reference List

Not required.

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Template

Reference list entry not required, only citation.

Example

Citation

(Koran 26:2)

Reference List

Not required.

Ebooks

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Template

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Author surname Initial(s). Title [Internet]. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: publisher; year of publication [Cited Year Month Day]. Available from: DOI or URL

Example

Citation

Each item is assigned a number according to its first location within the assignment. The same number should be used again if referring to the same source later within the assignment.

Paraphrasing/Summarising

According to Thomas, Martin, Etnier and Silverman (5)...

Quoting

The page number where the direct quote was taken from should be provided after the citation number.

Thomas, Martin, Etnier and Silverman stated that "..." (5, p. 365)

Reference List (arranged numercially by the citation order in the text)

5. Thomas JR, Martin PE, Etnier JL, Silverman SJ. Research methods in physical activity [internet]. 8th ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 4]. Available from: https://ezproxy.rgu.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=ccm&AN=166098134&scope=site

Notes

Book with more than 1 author

The same author rules should be used as for print books. e.g. if you have a book with 2-6 editors then check the template for Authored books with 2-6 authors. If there are more than 6 authors then use the appropriate template.

Bibliography

If you have used an item for information but not directly referred to it in your assignment then it should be included in a separate Bibliography after the Reference List. The format of the Bibliography entry is exactly the same as the Reference List with the omission of the citation number. The Bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author surname.

You can copy this URL to share a direct link to this referencing template:

Template

Please ensure that you follow the template exactly, including text formatting (CAPITALS, italics), and any punctuation.

Note: Because page numbers will vary depending on the font size you set in your Kindle, you won't have to insert a page reference even if you are quoting directly.

AUTHOR'S SURNAME, First Initial(s)., Publication year. Book title. Kindle ed. Place of publication: Publisher.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Smith 2013)

Smith (2013) indicates that...

Quoting

"..." (Smith 2013)

According to Smith (2013), "..."

Reference List

SMITH, J., 2013. Referencing is what I like to do most. Kindle ed. London: Academic Publications.