Harvard Templates

Audio-Visual

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Films

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Template

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Film title (Year of distribution) Directed by Name. [Feature film]. Place of distribution: Distribution company.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing/Summarising

... (Dune: Part one, 2021).

As seen in Dune: Part one (2021), ...

Quoting

"Fear is the mind killer" (Dune: Part one, 2021)

In Dune: Part one (2021), "..."

Reference List

Dune: Part One (2021) Directed by D. Villeneuve. [Feature film]. Burbank, CA: Warner Bros.

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Template

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Film title (Year of distribution) Directed by Name. [Medium]. Place of distribution: Distribution company.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing/Summarising

... (Jurassic Park, 1993).

In Jurassic Park (1993), there is a tendency to...

Quoting

"Life found a way" (Jurassic Park 1993).

Reference List

Jurassic Park (1993) Directed by S. Spielberg. [Blu-ray]. Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures.

Paris is Burning (1990) Directed by J. Livingston. [Video cassette]. Los Angeles, CA: Off White Productions.

Wadjda (2012) Directed by H. al-Monsour. [DVD]. London: Soda Pictures.

TV/Radio

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Template

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Title of programme (Year of transmission). Transmission channel. Day and month of transmission, time of transmission.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing/Summarising

As demonstrated by Derry Girls (2018) ...

... the everyday lives of normal teenagers during The Troubles (Derry Girls, 2018).

Quoting

As Sister Micheal said: "If you're feeling anxious, or if you just want to chat, please please do not come crying to me." (Derry Girls, 2018).

Reference List

Derry Girls (2018). Channel 4. 8 February, 21:15.

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Template

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'Title of Episode' if known, if not use series title (Year of transmission), Title of programme/series. Series and Episode numbers. Transmission Channel. Day and month of transmission, time of transmission.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing/Summarising

... that demonstrates how difficult it is to be certain of our subjective experience ('The Inner Light', 1992).

As Picard said, "A good scientist doesn't function by conjecture" ('The Inner Light', 1992).

Reference List

'The Inner Light' (1992), Star Trek: The Next Generation. Season 5. Episode 25. Sky One. 1 June, 17:00.

Music

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Template

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Artist (Year of release) 'Title of song/track', Title of album [format]. Place of distribution: distribution company.

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing/Summarising

... reimagining of a French resistance anthem through a contemporary lens (Cohen, 1969).

Quoting

"When they poured across the border, I was cautioned to surrender, This I could not do." (Cohen, 1969).

Reference List

Cohen, L (1969) 'The Partisan', Songs from a room [Vinyl]. Nashville, TN: Columbia.

Beyoncé (2022) 'America has a problem', Renaissance [CD]. Los Angeles, CA: Parkwood.

Notes

Popular formats include [CD] [Vinyl] and [Cassette].