Harvard Templates

Webpages

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By Author

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Template

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Author(s) (Year of publication) Page title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Amos, 2024)

Amos (2024) suggests that ...

Quoting

"..." (Amos, 2024)

According to Amos (2024) "..."

Reference List

Amos, J. (2024) Climate change: 'ice bumps' reveal history of Antartic melting. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68406880 (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

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Template

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Organisation (Year of publication) Page title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Alzheimer Scotland, 2024)

Alzheimer Scotland (2024) suggests that ...

Quoting

"..." (Alzheimer Scotland, 2024)

According to Alzheimer Scotland (2024) "..."

Reference List

Alzheimer Scotland (2024) Living with dementia. Available at: https://www.alzscot.org/living-with-dementia (Accessed: 27 February 2024).

Notes

Organisation names and acronymns

If an organisation has a very well known name e.g. BBC or NHS, then the acronymn can be used. Otherwise, write the full name followed the acronymn in [square brackets] e.g. World Wildlife Fund [WWF] (2024) ...

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Template

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Author(s) (no date) Page title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(British Skin Foundation, no date)

The British Skin Foundation (no date) suggests that ...

Quoting

"..." (British Skin Foundation, no date)

According to the British Skin Foundation (no date) "..."

Reference List

British Skin Foundation (no date) What is rosacea? Available at: https://knowyourskin.britishskinfoundation.org.uk/condition/rosacea/ (Accessed: 18 January 2024).

Notes

If there is no date of publication, then an 'updated' date can be used instead, if one is provided. You can also use your own judgement to decide whether the page looks like it is regularly updated and maintained. If that is the case, then the current year can be used. If you cannot find any evidence of dates, use the (no date) convention described in this template.

Blogs and Wikis

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Template

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Author(s) (Year of blog post) 'Title of blog post', Title of blog, Day/month of blog post. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Thompson, 2023)

Thompson (2023) suggests that ...

Quoting

"..." (Thompson, 2023)

In his blog, Thompson (2023) states that "..."

Reference List

Thompson, B. (2023) 'Expanding our horizons with ChatGPT', Technology and creativity at the BBC. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/internet/entries/1c6fd26f-fcd5-473f-9535-f3652ada92ca (Accessed: 3 March 2024).

Notes

Blog/Vlog authors do not always use their real names, but may use a pseudonym instead. Use the name that they have given for the citation and reference.

Some Blogs/Vlogs are written by organisations rather than individual authors. In this case, the name of the organisation will be the author. See the template for Books by an organisation and follow the same author rules.

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Template

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Author(s) (Year of vlog post) 'Title of vlog post', Title of vlog, Day/month of vlog post. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Armstrong, 2024)

Armstrong (2024) suggests that ...

Quoting

"..." (Armstrong, 2024)

In her vlog, Christine Armstrong (2024) states that "..."

Reference List

Armstrong, C. (2024) 'Is AI killing organisations', Where life and work collide. Available at: https://www.armstrongpartners.co.uk/episodes (Accessed: 8 April 2024).

Notes

Blog/Vlog authors do not always use their real names, but may use a pseudonym instead. Use the name that they have given for the citation and reference.

Some Blogs/Vlogs are written by organisations rather than individual authors. In this case, the name of the organisation will be the author. See the template for Books by an organisation and follow the same author rules.

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Template

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'Title of article' (Year entry published / last updated) Title of wiki site. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Architecture of Aberdeen, 2023)

Aberdeen has many fine buildings (Architecture of Aberdeen, 2023)

Quoting

"..." (Architecture of Aberdeen, 2023)

According to Architecure of Aberdeen (2023) "..."

Reference List

'Architecture of Aberdeen' (2023) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Aberdeen (Accessed 28 March 2024).

Notes

Most wikis do not have indivdual authors, but are written and updated collectively. The title of the article is used in place of an author.

Dictionaries and Encyclopaediae

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Template

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Author(s) (Year of publication) 'Title of entry', in Editor (ed.) (if present), Title of dictionary. Available at: DOI

or

Author(s) (Year of publication) 'Title of entry', in Editor (ed.) (if present), Title of dictionary. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Wiseman, 2004)

Wiseman (2004) suggests that...

Quoting

"..." (Wiseman, 2004, p. 52)

According to Wiseman (2004, p. 52) "..."

Reference List

Wiseman, T.P. (2004) 'Caesar [Gaius Julius Caesar] (100–44 BC)', in D. Cannadine (ed.), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/48304

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Template

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Author(s) (Year of publication) 'Title of entry', in Editor (ed.) (if present), Title of encyclopaedia. Available at: DOI

or

Author(s) (Year of publication) 'Title of entry', in Editor (ed.) (if present), Title of encyclopaedia. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example

Citation
Paraphrasing / Summarising

(Crook, 2024)

Crook (2024) suggests that...

Quoting

"..." (Crook, 2024, p. 89)

According to Crook (2024. p. 89) "..."

Reference List

Crook, J.A. (2024) 'Marcus Aurelius', in Encyclopedia Brittanica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Aurelius-Roman-emperor (Accessed: 19 June 2024).